Since the beginning of civilization, human beings have been asking about the origin of the universe and the essence of all things. However, these questions can be answered quantitatively and accurately only through modern mathematics and physics. The modern cosmology established on this basis has not only opened the long history of the big bang for more than 10 billion years, but also brought new unsolved mysteries and challenged the most basic physical theory. This report will review the changes of human understanding of the universe, introduce how modern physics can help us understand the universe more deeply, and how current and future cosmological observations will help us explore more basic physical laws.

Zhongzhi Xianyu, assistant professor, Department of physics, Tsinghua University. He received his doctorate in physics from Tsinghua University in 2015 and did postdoctoral research at Harvard University from 2015 to 2020. Xian Yuzhi is engaged in theoretical research on particle physics and cosmology. Recently, he has paid attention to skyrocketing cosmology, cosmology Collider Physics, gravitational wave astronomy and new physics.