Abstract
Counting points on an algebraic variety over finite fields defines the Hasse-Weil zeta function of the variety. In 1949, Weil proposed three conjectural properties of the Hasse-Weil zeta functions, including an analog of the Riemann Hypothesis. The works of Dwork (1960), Grothendieck (1965), and Deligne (1974) proved the Weil conjectures, and their proof methods have had a huge influence on mathematics. We discuss the history of these fascinating conjectures.