Quadric hypersurface intersection for manifold learning in feature space

Abstract

The knowledge that data lies close to a particular submanifold of the ambient Euclidean space may be useful in a number of ways. For instance, one may want to automatically mark any point far away from the submanifold as an outlier, or to use its geodesic distance to measure similarity between points. Classical problems for manifold learning are often posed in a very high dimension, e.g. for spaces of images or spaces of representations of words. Today, with deep representation learning on the rise in areas such as computer vision and natural language processing, many problems of this kind may be transformed into problems of moderately high dimension, typically of the order of hundreds. Motivated by this, we propose a manifold learning technique suitable for moderately high dimension and large datasets. The manifold is learned from the training data in the form of an intersection of quadric hypersurfaces — simple but expressive objects. At test time, this manifold can be used to introduce an outlier score for arbitrary new points and to improve a given similarity metric by incorporating learned geometric structure into it.